高考英语模拟试题阅读理解精选编讲第150篇——秒词邦背单词软件

Residents in the poorest counties in the U.S. face a life expectancy up to decade shorter than their counterparts in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.

Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with heath outcomes. To find out they divided the country’s 3,141 counties into 50 new ‘states’ (with 2 percent of the counties in each) based on household income as opposed to geographic proximity (接近).

The researchers broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some ‘impact of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off counties.’ They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest ‘states’ (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.

The study authors caution that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of pinpointing the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,’’ the study authors wrote.

《美国公共卫生杂志》(American Journal of Public Health)发表的一项研究显示，美国最贫困地区居民的预期寿命比最富裕地区的居民短10年。

东田纳西州立大学的研究人员希望更好地了解社会经济地位与健康状况之间的关系。为了找到答案，他们根据家庭收入而不是地理邻近程度，将全国3141个县划分为50个新的“州”(每个州有2%的县)。

研究人员将数据按县分类，因为他们发现，州一级的数据可能会掩盖社会经济差异对最富裕和最贫穷县的一些影响。然后，他们检查了最富裕和最贫穷的“州”(前2%和后2%)的健康数据，以了解居民在吸烟、临床护理和过度饮酒等因素上的差异。研究人员发现，富裕地区男性的平均预期寿命为79.3岁，而最贫困地区的男性平均预期寿命为69.8岁，两者相差近10年。对于女性来说，差距略小——最富裕的县为83岁，最贫穷的县为76岁。

该研究的作者警告说，虽然他们发现了社会经济地位和健康结果之间的联系，但他们没有分析因果关系。但他们认为，这些数据表明，政策制定者不应该只关注全州范围内的举措，而应该更有针对性地帮助那些风险最大的人。该研究的作者写道:“在资源有限的情况下，确定最贫困县的方法可以帮助将资源和项目分配给最需要的社区。”

句子成分分析：

Researchers (from East Tennessee State University) wanted to better understand | how socioeconomic status was 

associated with heath outcomes.

句子语法结构详解：

(better 为 well 的比较级形式)

* wanted 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to better understand 为不定式，作宾语。
* how 为连接副词，引导宾语从句。
* associated 为谓语，采用一般过去时和被动语态。
* was 为助动词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Researchers found | that there was [nearly] a10year gap [in the life expectancy (of men)] [with an average 

(of 79.3 years)] [in the wealthy counties] compared to 69.8 years [in the poorest].

句子语法结构详解：

(found 为 find 的过去式。men 为 man 的复数形式。poorest 为 poor 的最高级形式)

* found 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* was 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* compared 为过去分词，作状语。
* poorest 为形容词名词化
* the 为定冠词。a/an 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

But they suggest | that the data shows | how policy makers should not just focus on statewide initiatives 

but more targeted efforts to help those [most] [at risk].

句子语法结构详解：

* suggest 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* shows 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* how 为连接副词，引导宾语从句。
* focus 为谓语。
* targeted 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to help 为不定式，作后置定语。
* should 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。those 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary: